Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Antibody

Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large group of enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses. They belong to subfamily Coronavirinae, in the family of Coronaviridae, of the order of Nidovirales. The Coronavirus genome is about 30 kb in length and encodes four structural proteins, namely, spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N), multiple nonstructural proteins and other accessory proteins. The Spike (S) protein is a 180 kDa type I glycosylated transmembrane protein, that assembles as a trimer on the surface of the virus, hence the coronavirus appears crownshaped (In Latin, corona means crown). The ectodomain of the Spike protein consists of two domains: S1 domain whose main function is receptor binding, and S2 domain whose main function is membrane fusion. S1 binds to the cell surface receptor of host for attachment during the viral entry, this induces conformational change in the S2, thus enabling the fusion of host and viral membranes and ultimately entry of the viral genome in the host cell.